Specifically research Egypt, Libya and Tunisia, before and after their Arab Springs. Use five scholarly articles/books per country.
Egypt – Mubarak tried to secularize Egypt, show how that backfired.
Potential articles to read: “The Transformation of the Arab World” by Olivier Roy; “Against Conceptualism: Islamic Law, Democracy, and Constitutionalism in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring” by Nimer Sultan
Libya – Gaddafi attempted create a secularized brand of Islam. After his regime was toppled and he was murdered, radical Shari law was instituted. Show how his disregard for his people’s religious norms and principles could have provoked this radicalization.
Potential article: “Arab Spring, Libyan Winter” by Vijay Prashad
Tunisia – most positive example of the present day. Tunisia’s Arab Spring revolution and aftermath has showcased that while coercive secularization will only lead to furthered domestic turmoil (revolution), an acceptance of some traditional, Islamic policies are stabilizing for the population.
Research the specific revival of Islam that occurred before AND after the Arab Spring revolutions of 2011. Provide evidence for the claim that national secularization may be inviable due its incompatibility with contemporary Arab norms, and has in fact led to furthered radicalization and instability in the region.
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