Discuss the balance of costs of policing versus the value.

Analyze two issues currently facing law enforcement—the challenges of financing police services and the possibility of outsourcing. In analyzing the issue and making recommendations, apply the history of policing; police ethics; criminal law; police socialization; police organization; patrol operations; investigations; use of force; terrorism; police education and career development from Thomas, D. J. (2011). Professionalism in policing: An introduction. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning.

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A U.S. city finds its law enforcement under severe financial strain and is considering outsourcing policing services to the state. The city has a diverse population of 120,000. The city manager has a good sense of policing and law enforcement history and the mission of the police. She believes that the local police are no longer necessary given the change in crime patterns and lack of effectiveness of the police. State police would be more effective, she argues. However, most of the city council disagrees with the city manager’s proposal and wants the local police to remain intact. They believe only local police can meet the needs of the local population.

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You are a consultant hired to analyze the issue and make a recommendation. The recommendation must clearly be either for outsourcing the police or for keeping the police. Write a consulting report presenting your analysis and recommendations. In the report, address the following:

• Discuss the balance of costs of policing versus the value.

• Discuss crime strategies, community policing, and actual trends in violence. (Assume that the hypothetical city has crime patterns similar to the national patterns.)

• Discuss what the police should do and why. Define the mission of the police and explain how your recommendation is the better way to achieve the mission.

• Discuss the continual evolution of policing and law enforcement. Explain how your recommendation is a part of the current phase of evolution.

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Include at least five (5) peer reviewed scholarly references not listed below. Use in text citations and CORRECT page numbers for all sources.

DO NOT USE THE FOLLOWING AS REFERENCES:

Clark, J. P. (1972). The functions of the police in modern society. Contemporary Sociology, 1(3), 243–244.

Crank, J. P., Kadleck, C., & Koski, C. M. (2010). The USA: the next big thing. Police Practice & Research, 11(5), 405–422. doi:10.1080/15614261003589870

Jones, M. (2008). A complexity science view of modern police administration. Public Administration Quarterly, 32(3), 433—457.

Kelling, G. L., & Moore, M. H. (1988, November). The Evolving Strategy of Policing. National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice; Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

Liederbach, J., & Travis III, L. F. (2008). Wilson redux: Another look at varieties of police behavior. Police Quarterly, 11(4), 447—467.

Manis, J., Archbold, C. A., & Hassell, K. D. (2008). Exploring the impact of police officer education level on allegations of police misconduct. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 10(4), 509—523.

Reaves, B. A. (2011, July). Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2008. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice.

Truman, J. L. (2011, September). Criminal Victimization, 2010. U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (1999, October). Use of force by police: Overview of national and local data.