Essays – Answer four questions from this section. Each question should contain a few well developed (detailed) sentences. Please begin typing all answers after question #7. (40 points) 1. What were the main causes of the revolutions of 1848, and what roles did nationalism, liberalism, and socialism play in inciting and sustaining revolution? 2. What events led to the unification of Germany in 1871 and what was the character of the new German nation? 3. What various crises weakened autocratic rule in Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire? 4. Karl Marx wrote that all of history was a class struggle. Discuss and analyze Marx’s view of historical development. 5. To what extent and in what ways did nationalist tensions in the Balkans between 1870 and 1914 contribute to the outbreak of the First World War? 6. Assess and analyze the extent to which the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution of 1688 advanced the cause of constitutionalism in England in the 17th century. 7. Using examples from the works of at least two English Romantics, describe the philosophy of the Romantic movement in poetry, art, or music
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