Read the introduction to “Literature to 1700” and write a one-page, double-spaced summary, drawing attention to important key points and concepts. Remember to include only the most relevant and revealing information. should be one page, double-spaced in length (about 330-350 words). Please type in Times New Roman, 12-point font; set your page so that you have 1-inch margins. Your heading should be simple and should not take up half the page. Name, class, date and assignment name (all single-spaced) will suffice. Some background:
As we read American Literature before 1700, we must be aware of a few key points to fully understand the implications of what is being written. First, as you should gather by reading William Bradford’s account, the Puritans believed they were predestined by God to settle America and that every historic event was predestined by God. They believed they played a central role in the drama of the universe and that it was their duty to plant a community of godliness in the New World.
The Puritans were Calvinists; Calvinists believe that God chooses some for salvation and they adhere to five main points:
1. Total depravity. Man is naturally unable to exercise free will, since through Adam’s fall he has suffered hereditary corruption. Evil was a palpable presence in the Puritans’ world, and it was often symbolized by the struggle between light and darkness. In this system, it was impossible to find disillusioned Puritans, for they believed that there was no horror that man could not commit.
2. Unconditional election. Election manifests itself through God’s wisdom to elect those to be saved, despite their inability to perform saving works. Only a chosen few are so elected, and simply being a church member did not necessarily signify election.
3. Limited atonement. Man’s hereditary corruption is partially atoned for by Christ, and this atonement is provided to the elect through the Holy Spirit. This limited atonement gives them the power to attempt to obey God’s will as revealed through the Bible.
4. Irresistible grace, made only to the elect. Grace was a “motion of the heart” that was God’s gift to the elect-unconditional, irresistible, and inexorable. It came to each directly and could not be taken away. It promised “ecstatic intimacy with the divine” or “soul liberty.”
5. Perseverance of saints. Those who are predetermined as elect inevitably persevere in the path of holiness.
Some parts of Puritanism have survived: the habit of self-inquiry, their view of human nature, and their attitude of history, namely that we are all part of the drama.
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