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Reading Assignment
Lifespan development, unlike the traditional development theories considers the process of development to take paced in both childhood and adulthood. It considers a person’s development using the chronological, biological, social and psychological age. According to Santrock (2013, p. 25-27), the interplay of biological, cognitive and socio-emotional processes influence the human development processes. Psychologists argue that a person’s development is as a result of both the factors of nature and nurture. For instance, one’s character may be shape by the natural factors such as the genetic factors, or due to nurture, which may include a person’s experiences. Development is a gradual process, and the age and the environment that surrounds a person determine the level of developmental changes. Development refers to the changes that occur at the conception of human life and continues to adulthood.
The developmental phases are divided into 8 phases, which include the prenatal period, the infancy and toddler hood, the Preschool period, the middle school period, Adolescence, young adulthood, and late adulthood, which begins at around 65 years and continues until death. The process of human development is subject to several controversies, including the nature versus nurture and the continuity versus discontinuity among others. Although several controversies exist regarding the human development, psychologists suggest that neither the environmental factors alone nor the biological factors alone can influence effective development. Rather, the combination of both environmental and biological factors contributes to development across throughout the human life. Life span development considers three major areas of development, including the physical development, cognitive development, and the social and personality development Santrock (2013, p. 43-48). Several theories support the life span development, including the psychoanalytic theory and Freud’s psychodynamic theories among others.
References
Santrock, J. (2013). Life-span development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
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