Herbal Preparations\n\nSelect one of the following topics: \n1. Black cohosh \n2. Echinacea \n3. Glucosamine \n4. Melatonin \n5. St. John’s Wort\n\nSearch the online library for at least two articles about your chosen topic. Read the articles, and decide whether you are for or against use of the herbal preparation. Write a 1-page paper (approximately 500 words) in which you provide information about your chosen topic and explain the reasons why it should or should not be taken, the effects on the body, and any interactions with other drugs or food. \nThis what I found from my library\nSearch Results: 1 – 50 of 428\nResult List\n1.\nMENOPAUSE & ANXIETY.\nAcademic Journal\nMurray, Michael T.; Better Nutrition, 2015 Apr; 77 (4): 34-5. (journal article) ISSN: 0405-668X CINAHL AN: 2012936839\nSubjects: Anxiety Drug Therapy; Depression Drug Therapy; Dietary Supplements\nAdd to folder\nHTML Full TextPDF Full Text (6.7MB)\n2.\nUse and perceived efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines after discontinuation of hormone therapy: a nested United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening cohort study.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra; Karpinskyj, Chloe; Glazer, Clara; Burnell, Matthew; Ryan, Andy; Fraser, Lindsay; Lanceley, Anne; Jacobs, Ian; Hunter, Myra S; Menon, Usha; Menopause (10723714), 2015 Apr; 22 (4): 384-90. (journal article) ISSN: 1072-3714 PMID: 25290539 CINAHL AN: 2012952155\nAbstract: OBJECTIVE: Given that the Women\’s Health Initiative reported in 2002 increased risks of breast cancer and cardiovascular events with hormone therapy (HT) use and many women discontinued use, we assessed the use and perceived efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) for menopausal symptom relief after discontinuation of HT. METHODS: Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years within the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening who were willing to take part in a secondary study were mailed a survey to evaluate menopausal symptom management. Use and perceived efficacy of CAMs for relief of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) upon discontinuation of HT were examined. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 15,000 women between July 2 and July 9, 2008. Seventy-one percent (10,662 of 15,000) responded, and 10,607 women with complete data were included. Ever use of HT was reported by 60.2% (6,383 of 10,607). At survey completion, 79.3% (5,060 of 6,383) had discontinued HT, with 89.7% (4,540 of 5,060) of the latter reporting using one or more CAMs for VMS relief. About 70.4% (3,561 of 5,060) used herbal remedies, with evening primrose oil (48.6%; 2,205 of 4,540) and black cohosh (30.3%;1,377 of 4,540) being most commonly used. Exercise was used by 68.2% (3,098 of 4,540), whereas other behavioral/lifestyle approaches were less frequently reported (13.9%; 629 of 4,540). Contrarily, more women (57%-72%) rated behavioral/lifestyle approaches as effective compared with herbal remedies (28%-46%; rating >=4 on a \”helpfulness\” scale from 1-10). Among medical treatments, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were used by 10% and rated effective by 72.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Although more women use over-the-counter medicines, behavioral/lifestyle approaches seem to provide better relief of VMS. There is a pressing need for better evidence-based lay information to support decision-making on CAM use for relief of VMS.\nAdd to folder\n3.\nBlack cohosh, hot flushes, and breast cancer.\nAcademic Journal\nMerchant, Shairoz; Stebbing, Justin; Lancet Oncology, 2015 Feb; 16 (2): 137-8. (journal article) ISSN: 1470-2045 PMID: 25638678 CINAHL AN: 2012889830\nSubjects: Breast Neoplasms Drug Therapy; Black Cohosh; Hot Flashes Prevention and Control; Menopause Drug Effects; Medicine, Herbal; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Female\nAdd to folder\n4.\nNEW BLACK COHOSH BENEFITS DISCOVERED.\nAcademic Journal\nBetter Nutrition, 2014 Dec; 76 (12): 10. (journal article – brief item) ISSN: 0405-668X CINAHL AN: 2012788040\nAdd to folder\nHTML Full TextPDF Full Text (5.9MB)\n5.\nRemifemin® Black Cohosh Extract Reduces the Size of Uterine Fibroids in Menopausal Women.\nAcademic Journal\nOliff, Heather S.; HerbalGram, 2014 Nov-2015 Jan; (104): 26-7. (journal article – abstract, pictorial) ISSN: 0899-5648 CINAHL AN: 2012794872\nSubjects: Black Cohosh Administration and Dosage; Leiomyoma Prevention and Control; Perimenopausal Symptoms Therapy\nAdd to folder\n6.\nEfficacy of a Standardized Isopropanolic Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) Extract in Treatment of Uterine Fibroids in Comparison With Tibolone Among Patients With Menopausal Symptoms.\nAcademic Journal\nRoss, Stephanie Maxine; Holistic Nursing Practice, 2014 Nov-Dec; 28 (6): 386-91. (journal article) ISSN: 0887-9311 PMID: 25314113 CINAHL AN: 2012787793\nSubjects: Leiomyoma Drug Therapy; Black Cohosh Therapeutic Use; Perimenopausal Symptoms Drug Therapy; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Adult: 19-44 years; Middle Aged: 45-64 years; Female\nAdd to folder\n7.\nCycloartane Triterpenoids and Their Glycosides from the Rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida.\nAcademic Journal\nChen, Ji-Yong; Li, Ping-Lin; Tang, Xu-Li; Wang, Shu-Jiang; Jiang, Yong-Tao; Shen, Li; Xu, Ben-Ming; Shao, Yong-Liang; Li, Guo-Qiang; Journal of Natural Products, 2014 Sep 26; 77 (9): 1997-2005. (journal article) ISSN: 0163-3864 PMID: 25136911 CINAHL AN: 2012743858\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycosides; Hydrocarbons\nAdd to folder\n8.\nAntidiabetic effects of the Cimicifuga racemosa extract Ze 450 in vitro and in vivo in ob/ob mice.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Moser, C; Vickers, S P; Brammer, R; Cheetham, S C; Drewe, J; Phytomedicine, 2014 Sep 25; 21 (11): 1382-9. (journal article) ISSN: 0944-7113 PMID: 25022210 CINAHL AN: 2012707202\nAbstract: INTRODUCTION: It was the aim of the present experiments to examine potential antidiabetic effects of the Cimicifuga racemosa extract Ze 450. METHODS: Ze 450 and some of its components (23-epi-26-deoxyactein, protopine and cimiracemoside C) were investigated in vitro for their effects on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) compared to metformin in HepaRG cells. Ze 450 (given orally (PO) and intraperitonally (IP)), metformin (PO) and controls were given over 7 days to 68 male ob/ob mice. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at baseline and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS: Ze 450 and its components activated AMPK to the same extent as metformin. In mice, Ze 450 (PO/IP) decreased significantly average daily and cumulative weight gain, average daily food and water intake, while metformin had no effect. In contrast to metformin, PO Ze 450 virtually did not change maximum glucose levels during OGTT, however, prolonged elimination. Ze 450 administered PO and IP decreased significantly post-stimulated insulin, whereas metformin did not. HOMA-IR index of insulin resistance improved significantly after IP and PO Ze 450 and slightly after metformin. In summary, the results demonstrate that Ze 450 reduced significantly body weight, plasma glucose, improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in diabetic ob/ob mice. In vitro experiments suggest that part of the effects may be related to AMPK activation. CONCLUSIONS: Ze 450 may have utility in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, longer term studies in additional animal models or patients with disturbed glucose tolerance or diabetes may be of use to investigate this further.\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Hypoglycemic Agents Pharmacodynamics; Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics; Male\nAdd to folder\n9.\nAsk the experts. Is black cohosh safe to use for PMS or menopause if breast cancer runs in my family?\nAcademic Journal\nHo, Cecilia; Alive: Canada\’s Natural Health & Wellness Magazine, 2014 Jul; (381): 20. (journal article – pictorial, questions and answers) ISSN: 0228-586X CINAHL AN: 2012910897\nSubjects: Female\nAdd to folder\n10.\nHepatotoxicity of Botanicals.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Yarnell, Eric; Abascal, Kathy; Alternative & Complementary Therapies, 2014 Jun; 20 (3): 136-44. (journal article – pictorial, tables/charts) ISSN: 1076-2809 CINAHL AN: 2012625300\nAbstract: The scale of the problem of hepatotoxicity of botanicals is reviewed. This problem was found to be very small, largely limited to idiosyncratic reactions (as opposed to intrinsic toxicity of herbal compounds for the liver), and hampered by the availability of high-quality evidence against intrinsic hepatotoxicity. Claims that herbal hepatotoxicity is common but hidden could not be substantiated. Various herbs sometimes considered hepatotoxic are reviewed in depth, including Piper methysticum (kava); Larrea tridentata (creosote bush); unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing herbs, such as Symphytum officinale (comfrey) and Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot); Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh); and Camellia sinensis (green tea) and its catechins.\nSubjects: Hepatotoxicity; Plants, Medicinal; Plant Extracts Adverse Effects; Phytochemicals Adverse Effects; Alkaloids Adverse Effects\nShow all 5 images \nChart Chart Black and White Photograph Chart\nAdd to folder\nPDF Full Text (1.1MB)\n11.\nHormone replacement therapy (HRT).\nAcademic Journal\nDrabkin, Alan; Clinical Advisor, 2014 Jun; 17 (6): 102-4. (journal article – pictorial) ISSN: 1524-7317 CINAHL AN: 2012625693\nSubjects: Hormone Replacement Therapy; Perimenopausal Symptoms Drug Therapy; Estrogens Therapeutic Use; Progestational Hormones Therapeutic Use\nAdd to folder\n12.\nSystematic Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Soy, Black Cohosh & Mind-Body Interventions for Symptom Clusters During Menopausal Transition/Early Postmenopause.\nAcademic Journal\nWoods, Nancy; Mitchell, Ellen; Schnall, Janet; Cray, Lori; Thomas, Annette; Ismail, Rita; Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 2014 May; 20 (5): A142. (journal article – abstract, research, systematic review) ISSN: 1075-5535 PMID: 24805501 CINAHL AN: 2012569166\nSubjects: Medicine, Chinese Traditional Evaluation; Mind Body Techniques Evaluation; Black Cohosh Therapeutic Use; Soybeans Therapeutic Use; Perimenopausal Symptoms Drug Therapy\nAdd to folder\nPDF Full Text (42KB)\n13.\nActein Isolated from Black Cohosh Promotes the Function of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Lee, Young Soon; Choi, Eun Mi; Journal of Medicinal Food, 2014 Apr; 17 (4): 414-23. (journal article – research) ISSN: 1096-620X PMID: 24552231 CINAHL AN: 2012542366\nAbstract: Actein, isolated from black cohosh, was subjected to in vitro experiments to investigate its functional bioactivities in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Actein caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, mineralization, and glutathione content in the cells, suggesting that actein has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation or has potential activity against osteoporosis. We investigated the protective effects of actein on mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor, antimycin A induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Exposure of MC3T3-E1 cells to antimycin A caused significant decrease in cell viability and mineralization. However, pretreatment with actein prior to antimycin A exposure significantly reduced antimycin A-induced cell damage by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, complex IV inactivation, cardiolipin oxidation, ROS release, and nitrotyrosine increase, suggesting that actein may be useful for protecting mitochondria against a burst of oxidative stress. In addition, actein increased the phosphorylation of CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein) inhibited by antimycin A and decreased the production of TNF-α induced by antimycin A. These findings suggest that actein could prevent oxidative damage to osteoblasts in osteoporotic patients.\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics; Connective Tissue Cells Drug Effects\nAdd to folder\n14.\nEndometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis after black cohosh with St John\’s wort.\nAcademic Journal\nBae, H S; Kim, I S; Kang, J S; Song, J Y; Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2014 Feb; 34 (2): 213-4. (journal article – case study) ISSN: 0144-3615 PMID: 24456461 CINAHL AN: 2012456435\nSubjects: Adenomyosis Complications; Endometrial Neoplasms Etiology; Black Cohosh; Hot Flashes Drug Therapy; St. John\’s Wort; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Middle Aged: 45-64 years; Female\nAdd to folder\n15.\nHerbal preparations for the menopause: beyond isoflavones and black cohosh.\nAcademic Journal\nDepypere, Herman T; Comhaire, Frank H; Maturitas, 2014 Feb; 77 (2): 191-4. (journal article) ISSN: 0378-5122 PMID: 24314619 CINAHL AN: 2012457583\nSubjects: Biological Products Therapeutic Use; Hot Flashes Drug Therapy; Medicine, Herbal; Menopause; Female\nAdd to folder\n16.\nEffect of Isopropanolic Cimicifuga racemosa Extract on Uterine Fibroids in Comparison with Tibolone among Patients of a Recent Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel-Controlled Study in Chinese Women with Menopausal Symptoms.\nAcademic Journal\nSisi Xi; Liske, Eckehard; Shuyu Wang; Jianli Liu; Zhonglan Zhang; Li Geng; Lina Hu; Chunfeng Jiao; Shurong Zheng; Henneicke-von Zepelin, Hans-Heinrich; et al.; Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative Medicine (eCAM), 2014: 1-7. (journal article – equations & formulas, randomized controlled trial, research, tables/charts) ISSN: 1741-427X PMID: 24719645 CINAHL AN: 2012860000\nSubjects: Leiomyoma Drug Therapy; Propanols Therapeutic Use; Perimenopausal Symptoms Drug Therapy; Black Cohosh Therapeutic Use; Steroids Therapeutic Use; Adult: 19-44 years; Middle Aged: 45-64 years; Female\nAdd to folder\n17.\nBlack Cohosh and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.\nAcademic Journal\nFritz, Heidi; Seely, Dugald; McGowan, Jessie; Skidmore, Becky; Fernandes, Rochelle; Kennedy, Deborah A.; Cooley, Kieran; Wong, Raimond; Sagar, Stephen; Balneaves, Lynda G.; et al.; Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2014 Jan; 13 (1): 12-29. (journal article – research, systematic review, tables/charts) ISSN: 1534-7354 PMID: 23439657 CINAHL AN: 2012422429\nSubjects: Breast Neoplasms Therapy; Black Cohosh Therapeutic Use\nAdd to folder\nTimes Cited in this Database: (2)\n18.\nNow Ginkgo – 10 years after Cimicifuga?\nAcademic Journal\nKrenn, Liselotte; Rita Bilia, Anna; do Céu Costa, Maria; Hook, Ingrid; Steinhoff, Barbara; Wegener, Tankred; Phytomedicine, 2013 Dec 15; 21 (1): 98-9. (journal article – editorial) ISSN: 0944-7113 PMID: 24183953 CINAHL AN: 2012402796\nSubjects: Ginkgo Biloba Adverse Effects; Medicine, Herbal; Biological Products Adverse Effects\nAdd to folder\n19.\nActein induces calcium release in human breast cancer cells.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Einbond, Linda Saxe; Mighty, Jason; Redenti, Stephen; Wu, Hsan-au; Fitoterapia, 2013 Dec; 91: 28-38. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0367-326X PMID: 23939423 CINAHL AN: 2012353248\nAbstract: Abstract: Background: The triterpene glycoside actein from the herb black cohosh preferentially inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells and activates the ER stress response. The ER IP3 receptor and Na,K-ATPase form a signaling microdomain. Since actein is lipophilic, its action may be limited by bioavailability. Purpose: To develop actein to prevent and treat cancer, we examined the primary targets and combinations with chemotherapy agents, as well as the ability of nanoparticles to enhance the activity. Materials and methods: To reveal signaling pathways, we treated human breast and colon cancer, as well as 293T and 293T (NF-κB), cells with actein, and measured effects using the MTT, luciferase promoter, Western blot and histology assays. To assess effects on calcium release, we preloaded cells with the calcium sensitive dye Fura-2. To enhance bioavailability, we conjugated actein to nanoparticle liposomes. Results: Actein strongly inhibited the growth of human breast cancer cells and induced a dose dependent release of calcium into the cytoplasm. The ER IP3 receptor antagonist heparin blocked this release, indicating that the receptor is required for activity. Heparin partially blocked the growth inhibitory effect, while the MEK inhibitor U0126 enhanced it. Consistent with this, actein synergized with the ER mobilizer thapsigargin. Further, actein preferentially inhibited the growth of 293T (NF-κB) cells. Nanoparticle liposomes increased the growth inhibitory activity of actein. Conclusions: Actein alters the activity of the ER IP3 receptor and Na,K-ATPase, induces calcium release and modulates the NF-κB and MEK pathways and may be worthwhile to explore to prevent and treat breast cancer.\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Plant Extracts Pharmacokinetics; Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics; Antineoplastic Agents Pharmacokinetics; Antineoplastic Agents Pharmacodynamics\nAdd to folder\n20.\nHigh dose black cohosh extract for climacteric complaints.\nAcademic Journal\nChrubasik, S; Drewe, J; Focus on Alternative & Complementary Therapies, 2013 Dec; 18 (4): 203-4. (journal article – abstract, commentary, response) ISSN: 1465-3753 CINAHL AN: 2012368227\nSubjects: Perimenopausal Symptoms Drug Therapy; Black Cohosh Therapeutic Use; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Adult: 19-44 years; Female\nAdd to folder\n21.\nPhytochemical identity and stability of herbal products: Challenges for clinical research.\nAcademic Journal\nKronenberg, Fredi; Kennelly, Edward J; Maturitas, 2013 Dec; 76 (4): 291-3. (journal article – editorial) ISSN: 0378-5122 PMID: 24120310 CINAHL AN: 2012398809\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Drug Stability; Phytochemicals Standards; Phytochemicals Therapeutic Use; Medicine, Herbal; Plant Extracts Standards\nAdd to folder\n22.\nName that Herb.\nAcademic Journal\nNutrition Action Health Letter, 2013 Dec; 40 (10): 7. (journal article – brief item) ISSN: 0885-7792 CINAHL AN: 2012386429\nSubjects: Product Labeling; Medicine, Herbal; DNA Analysis\nAdd to folder\nPDF Full Text (1MB)\n23.\nAttenuation of nucleoside and anti-cancer nucleoside analog drug uptake in prostate cancer cells by Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO-1055.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Dueregger, Andrea; Guggenberger, Fabian; Barthelmes, Jan; Stecher, Günther; Schuh, Markus; Intelmann, Daniel; Abel, Gudrun; Haunschild, Jutta; Klocker, Helmut; Ramoner, Reinhold; et al.; Phytomedicine, 2013 Nov 15; 20 (14): 1306-14. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0944-7113 PMID: 23972793 CINAHL AN: 2012342727\nAbstract: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative effects of the ethanolic Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO-1055 on prostate cells and evaluate its therapeutic potential. BNO-1055 dose-dependently attenuated cellular uptake and incorporation of thymidine and BrdU and significantly inhibited cell growth after long-time exposure. Similar results were obtained using saponin-enriched sub-fractions of BNO-1055. These inhibitory effects of BNO-1055 could be mimicked using pharmacological inhibitors and isoform-specific siRNAs targeting the equilibrative nucleoside transporters ENT1 and ENT2. Moreover, BNO-1055 attenuated the uptake of clinically relevant nucleoside analogs, e.g. the anti-cancer drugs gemcitabine and fludarabine. Consistent with inhibition of the salvage nucleoside uptake pathway BNO-1055 potentiated the cytotoxicity of the de novo nucleotide synthesis inhibitor 5-FU without significantly altering its uptake. Collectively, these data show for the first time that the anti-proliferative effects of BNO-1055 result from hindered nucleoside uptake due to impaired ENT activity and demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of BNO-1055 for modulation of nucleoside transport.\nSubjects: Antineoplastic Agents Therapeutic Use; Carrier Proteins Metabolism; Nucleosides Metabolism; Medicine, Herbal; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Prostate Drug Effects; Prostatic Neoplasms Drug Therapy; Male\nAdd to folder\n24.\nBlack Cohosh (Cimicifuga Species) for Menopausal Symptoms.\nAcademic Journal\nWeihua Liu; Yougang Wang; Jian Yang; Clinical Nurse Specialist: The Journal for Advanced Nursing Practice, 2013 Nov-Dec; 27 (6): 289-90. (journal article) ISSN: 0887-6274 PMID: 24107751 CINAHL AN: 2012546748\nSubjects: Perimenopausal Symptoms Drug Therapy; Black Cohosh Therapeutic Use; Climacteric; Professional Practice, Evidence-Based\nAdd to folder\n25.\nThe value of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of climacteric symptoms: Results of a survey among German gynecologists.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) von Studnitz, Friederike S G; Eulenburg, Christine; Mueck, Alfred O; Buhling, Kai J; Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2013 Oct; 21 (5): 492-5. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0965-2299 PMID: 24050585 CINAHL AN: 2012304112\nAbstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to detect the attitude and experience towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the treatment of climacteric disorders among gynecologists in Germany. STUDY DESIGN: A self-administered questionnaire, containing 15 questions, was sent to all gynecologists in private practice in Germany (n=9589). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gynecologists were asked about their experience with several forms of CAM. They were asked to rate different procedures as \”effective\”, \”sometimes effective\” or \”unimportant\”. RESULTS: The response rate was 33.7% (n=3227). We report on 2549 (26.6%) eligible questionnaires. Well-known therapies were black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), chaste tree (Vitex agnus castus) and St. John\’s wort. More than 98% had had experiences with these therapies. Fewer experiences were stated with hormone-yoga (42.9%), acupuncture (29.1%) and homeopathy (21.6%). The most effective alternative therapy rated was an alteration of lifestyle with 54.4% (n=1325) stating it was effective and 35.7% (n=871) stating it was sometimes effective. Only 3.9% (n=96) prescribed no efficacy to a change of lifestyle. Other treatments rated as effective were St. John\’s wort (25.0%, n=606) and Black cohosh (21.1%, n=527). Agents regarded most ineffective were hormone-yoga (4.7%, n=109), acupuncture (10.3%, n=243) and homeopathy (10.6%, n=250). Female gynecologists were more likely to vote for a therapy to be effective compared to their male colleagues. CONCLUSIONS: German gynecologists seem to have made positive experiences with CAM when observing their patients, in general. An alteration of lifestyle is seen as the most effective alternative therapy in menopause. Due to their widespread use, possible side effect of natural agents should be excluded.\nSubjects: Climacteric Physiology; Alternative Therapies; Physicians Statistics and Numerical Data; Adult: 19-44 years; Middle Aged: 45-64 years; Female; Male\nAdd to folder\n26.\nWOMEN\’S HEALTH. HERBS FOR MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOM RELIEF.\nAcademic Journal\nThalheimer, Judith C.; Today\’s Dietitian, 2013 Oct; 15 (10): 12-4. (journal article – pictorial) CINAHL AN: 2012329281\nSubjects: Medicine, Herbal; Perimenopausal Symptoms Therapy; Diet; Phytoestrogens; Female\nAdd to folder\n27.\nHerbal hepatotoxicity: suspected cases assessed for alternative causes.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Teschke, Rolf; Schulze, Johannes; Schwarzenboeck, Alexander; Eickhoff, Axel; Frenzel, Christian; European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2013 Sep; 25 (9): 1093-8. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0954-691X PMID: 23510966 CINAHL AN: 2012404985\nAbstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alternative explanations are common in suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and account for up to 47.1% of analyzed cases. This raised the question of whether a similar frequency may prevail in cases of assumed herb-induced liver injury (HILI). METHODS: We searched the Medline database for the following terms: herbs, herbal drugs, herbal dietary supplements, hepatotoxic herbs, herbal hepatotoxicity, and herb-induced liver injury. Additional terms specifically addressed single herbs and herbal products: black cohosh, Greater Celandine, green tea, Herbalife products, Hydroxycut, kava, and Pelargonium sidoides. We retrieved 23 published case series and regulatory assessments related to hepatotoxicity by herbs and herbal dietary supplements with alternative causes. RESULTS: The 23 publications comprised 573 cases of initially suspected HILI; alternative causes were evident in 278/573 cases (48.5%). Among them were hepatitis by various viruses (9.7%), autoimmune diseases (10.4%), nonalcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases (5.4%), liver injury by comedication (DILI and other HILI) (43.9%), and liver involvement in infectious diseases (4.7%). Biliary and pancreatic diseases were frequent alternative diagnoses (11.5%), raising therapeutic problems if specific treatment is withheld; pre-existing liver diseases including cirrhosis (9.7%) were additional confounding variables. Other diagnoses were rare, but possibly relevant for the individual patient. CONCLUSION: In 573 cases of initially assumed HILI, 48.5% showed alternative causes unrelated to the initially incriminated herb, herbal drug, or herbal dietary supplement, calling for thorough clinical evaluations and appropriate causality assessments in future cases of suspected HILI.\nSubjects: Dietary Supplements Adverse Effects; Hepatitis Etiology; Biological Products Adverse Effects\nAdd to folder\nTimes Cited in this Database: (2)\n28.\nEffects of black cohosh on the plasminogen activator system in vascular smooth muscle cells.\nAcademic Journal\nLee, Dong-Yun; Roh, Cheong-Rae; Kang, Young-Hee; Choi, Dooseok; Lee, Youngjoo; Rhyu, Mee-Ra; Yoon, Byung-Koo; Maturitas, 2013 Sep; 76 (1): 75-80. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0378-5122 PMID: 23827472 CINAHL AN: 2012217439\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Blood Coagulation Factors Metabolism; Fibrinolysis Drug Effects; Muscle, Smooth Drug Effects; Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics; Plasminogen Activators Metabolism; Tissue Plasminogen Activator Metabolism\nAdd to folder\n29.\nTalking about CAMs for menopause.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Steefel, Lorraine; Hyatt, Joyce; Heider, Gerti; Nurse Practitioner, 2013 Aug; 38 (8): 48-53. (journal article – tables/charts) ISSN: 0361-1817 PMID: 23860459 CINAHL AN: 2012206554\nAbstract: This article discusses the integration of complementary and alternative medicine therapies as part of the healthcare decision-making dialogue between nurse practitioners and patients seeking relief of menopause-related symptoms.\nSubjects: Menopause; Alternative Therapies; Nurse Practitioners; Female\nAdd to folder\n30.\nThe effect of a Cimicifuga racemosa extracts Ze 450 in the treatment of climacteric complaints – an observational study.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Drewe, Juergen; Zimmermann, Christian; Zahner, Catherine; Phytomedicine, 2013 Jun 15; 20 (8-9): 659-66. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0944-7113 PMID: 23537746 CINAHL AN: 2012125504\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Root extracts of Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. have been successfully used in the treatment of climacteric complaints. METHOD: In this observational study, Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) extract Ze 450 was studied in 442 unselected ambulatory female outpatients with menopausal complaints under daily practice conditions. Physicians were suggested to treat patients for the first 3 months with 13mg/d CR (high dose, HD) and to continue over additional 6 months either with this treatment or to switch to 6.5mg/d CR (low dose, LD). The choice of treatment and its dose, however, was fully at the discretion of the physician. RESULTS: After 3-months treatment with HD, symptom severity (Kupperman Menopause Index, KMI) decreased significantly (p<0.001) from baseline values. Continuation of treatment with HD or LD decreased total KMI and its sub-item scores further (HD, LD: p<0.001). However, more patients (84.9%) responded to HD than to LD (78.4%) and showed an improvement of symptoms (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: This observational study demonstrated that treatment with CR in unselected patients with climacteric complaints under the conditions of daily practice resulted in a significant improvement of menopausal symptoms assessed by the total KMI score and its sub-item scores with an effect size similar to that in a previous randomized, controlled clinical trial.\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Medicine, Herbal; Menopause Drug Effects; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Plant Roots; Adult: 19-44 years; Aged: 65+ years; Middle Aged: 45-64 years; Female\nAdd to folder\n31.\nTriterpenes from the Aerial Parts of Cimicifuga yunnanensis and Their Antiproliferative Effects on p53(N236S) Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts.\nAcademic Journal\nNian, Yin; Zhu, Hui; Tang, Wen-Ru; Luo, Yin; Du, Jiang; Qiu, Ming-Hua; Journal of Natural Products, 2013 May 24; 76 (5): 896-902. (journal article) ISSN: 0163-3864 PMID: 23621813 CINAHL AN: 2012131725\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal Pharmacodynamics; Hydrocarbons; Hydrocarbons Pharmacodynamics; Proteins Drug Effects\nAdd to folder\n32.\nCimicifuga (Black Cohosh).\nAcademic Journal\nAsher, Eric; Health & Homeopathy, 2013 Spring-Summer: 24-5. (journal article – pictorial) ISSN: 0261-2828 CINAHL AN: 2012223512\nSubjects: Homeopathy\nAdd to folder\n33.\nAdulteration of Black Cohosh.\nAcademic Journal\nBlumenthal, Mark; HerbalGram, 2013 May-Jul; (98): 6. (journal article – editorial) ISSN: 0899-5648 CINAHL AN: 2012133077\nSubjects: Black Cohosh Analysis\nAdd to folder\n34.\nExploring the Peripatetic Maze of BLACK COHOSH ADULTERATION.\nAcademic Journal\nFoster, Steven; HerbalGram, 2013 May-Jul; (98): 32-51. (journal article – pictorial, tables/charts) ISSN: 0899-5648 CINAHL AN: 2012133086\nSubjects: Black Cohosh Adverse Effects; Black Cohosh Analysis; Drug Contamination; Liver Drug Effects\nAdd to folder\n35.\nStability of black cohosh triterpene glycosides and polyphenols: Potential clinical relevance.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Jiang, Bei; Kronenberg, Fredi; Balick, Michael J; Kennelly, Edward J; Phytomedicine, 2013 Apr 15; 20 (6): 564-9. (journal article – clinical trial, research) ISSN: 0944-7113 PMID: 23415548 CINAHL AN: 2012080699\nAbstract: Concurrent to a clinical trial of black cohosh for menopausal hot flashes, the long-term stability of the black cohosh, over the duration of the clinical trial, was examined. Analytical results showed that the major constituents, both triterpene glycosides and polyphenols, were stable over the 3-year period of testing. These results indicate that a black cohosh product stored for several years in a controlled environment does not undergo significant changes in its major constituents. These results have implications not only for clinical research in natural products, but for basic science, as well as the dietary supplements industry.\nSubjects: Drug Stability; Glycosides Analysis; Hydrocarbons Analysis; Plant Extracts; Plants; Polyphenols Analysis; Female\nAdd to folder\n36.\nClinical Roundup: Selected Treatment Options for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.\nAcademic Journal\nAlternative & Complementary Therapies, 2013 Feb; 19 (1): 49-58. (journal article – tables/charts) ISSN: 1076-2809 CINAHL AN: 2012014703\nSubjects: Chronic Pain Therapy; Muscle Pain Therapy; Alternative Therapies; Low Back Pain Therapy; Fibromyalgia Therapy\n \nChart\nAdd to folder\nPDF Full Text (736.2KB)\n37.\nEffect of block-periodized exercise training on bone and coronary heart disease risk factors in early post-menopausal women: a randomized controlled study.\nAcademic Journal\nKemmler, W.; Bebenek, M.; Von Stengel, S.; Engelke, K.; Kalender, W. A.; Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2013 Feb; 23 (1): 121-9. (journal article – randomized controlled trial, research, tables/charts) ISSN: 0905-7188 PMID: 21631599 CINAHL AN: 2011885522\nSubjects: Coronary Disease; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; Exercise; Bone Density; Metabolic Syndrome X; Middle Aged: 45-64 years; Female\nAdd to folder\n38.\nManaging menopause naturally.\nAcademic Journal\nAbernethy, Kathy; Independent Nurse, 2013 Jan 21: 24-6. (journal article – pictorial) ISSN: 1747-9800 CINAHL AN: 2011909604\nSubjects: Perimenopausal Symptoms Therapy; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Naturopathy\nAdd to folder\n39.\nEfficacy of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.) in treating early symptoms of menopause: a randomized clinical trial.\nAcademic Journal\nMohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh; Shahnazi, Mahnaz; Nahaee, Jila; Bayatipayan, Somaei; Chinese Medicine, 2013; 8 (1): 20-34. (journal article) ISSN: 1749-8546 PMID: 24499633 CINAHL AN: 2012360368\nAdd to folder\n40.\nLiver warning given over black cohosh.\nAcademic Journal\nNursing Times, 2012 Nov 6-12; 108 (45): 4. (journal article – brief item) ISSN: 0954-7762 CINAHL AN: 2011746915\nSubjects: Black Cohosh Adverse Effects; Liver Diseases Etiology\nAdd to folder\n41.\nBlack cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Leach MJ; Moore V; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012; (9) (journal article – research, systematic review) ISSN: 1469-493X CINAHL AN: 2011716901\nAbstract: BACKGROUND: Menopause can be a distressing and disruptive time for many women, with many experiencing hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal atrophy and dryness. Postmenopausal women are also at increased risk of osteoporosis. Interventions that decrease the severity and frequency of these menopausal symptoms are likely to improve a woman\’s well-being and quality of life. Hormone therapy has been shown to be effective in controlling the symptoms of menopause; however, many potentially serious adverse effects have been associated with this treatment. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that black cohosh may be a biologically plausible alternative treatment for menopause; even so, findings from studies investigating the clinical effectiveness of black cohosh have, to date, been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa or Actaea racemosa) for treating menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. SEARCH METHODS: Relevant studies were identified through AARP Ageline, AMED, AMI, BioMed Central gateway, CAM on PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Health Source Nursing/Academic edition, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Natural medicines comprehensive database, PsycINFO, TRIP database, clinical trial registers and the reference lists of included trials; up to March 2012. Content experts and manufacturers of black cohosh extracts were also contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials comparing orally administered monopreparations of black cohosh to placebo or active medication in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials, extracted data and completed the \’Risk of bias\’ assessment. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen randomised controlled trials, recruiting a total of 2027 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, were identified. All studies used oral monopreparations of black cohosh at a median daily dose of 40 mg, for a mean duration of 23 weeks. Comparator interventions included placebo, hormone therapy, red clover and fluoxetine. Reported outcomes included vasomotor symptoms, vulvovaginal symptoms, menopausal symptom scores and adverse effects. There was no significant difference between black cohosh and placebo in the frequency of hot flushes (mean difference (MD) 0.07 flushes per day; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.43 to 0.56 flushes per day; P=0.79; 393 women; three trials; moderate heterogeneity: I(2) = 47%) or in menopausal symptom scores (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.10; 95% CI -0.32 to 0.11; P = 0.34; 357 women; four trials; low heterogeneity: I(2) = 21%). Compared to black cohosh, hormone therapy significantly reduced daily hot flush frequency (three trials; data not pooled) and menopausal symptom scores (SMD 0.32; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.51; P=0.0009; 468 women; five trials; substantial heterogeneity: I(2) = 69%). These findings should be interpreted with caution given the heterogeneity between studies. Comparisons of the effectiveness of black cohosh and other interventions were either inconclusive (because of considerable heterogeneity or an insufficient number of studies) or not statistically significant. Similarly, evidence on the safety of black cohosh was inconclusive, owing to poor reporting. There were insufficient data to pool results for health-related quality of life, sexuality, bone health, vulvovaginal atrophic symptoms and night sweats. No trials reported cost-effectiveness data. The quality of included trials was generally unclear, owing to inadequate reporting. AUTHORS\’ CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms. However, there is adequate justification for conducting further studies in this area. The uncertain quality of identified trials highlights the need for improved reporting of study methods, particularly with regards to allocation concealment and the handling of incomplete outcome data. The effect of black cohosh on other important outcomes, such as health-related quality of life, sexuality, bone health, night sweats and cost-effectiveness also warrants further investigation.; [CINAHL Note: The Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews contain interactive software that allows various calculations in the MetaView.]\nSubjects: Black Cohosh Therapeutic Use; Perimenopausal Symptoms\nAdd to folder\n42.\nPhenotyping Studies to Assess the Effects of Phytopharmaceuticals on In Vivo Activity of Main Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes.\nAcademic Journal\nZadoyan, Gregor; Fuhr, Uwe; Planta Medica, 2012 Sep; 78 (13): 1428-47. (journal article – research, systematic review) ISSN: 0032-0943 PMID: 22588833 CINAHL AN: 2011686519\nSubjects: Phenotype; Oxidoreductases Drug Effects; Phytochemicals Therapeutic Use; Medicine, Herbal; Drug-Herb Interactions\nAdd to folder\n43.\nPharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions (Part 2): Drug Interactions Involving Popular Botanical Dietary Supplements and Their Clinical Relevance.\nAcademic Journal\nGurley, Bill J.; Fifer, Espero Kim; Gardner, Zoë; Planta Medica, 2012 Sep; 78 (13): 1490-514. (journal article – pictorial, review, tables/charts) ISSN: 0032-0943 PMID: 22951920 CINAHL AN: 2011686518\nSubjects: Drug-Herb Interactions; Dietary Supplements Therapeutic Use; Plant Extracts Pharmacokinetics; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use\nAdd to folder\n44.\nEffects of black cohosh and estrogen on the hypothalamic nuclei of ovariectomized rats at different temperatures.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Hui, Zhang; Xiaoyan, Ma; Mukun, Yang; Ke, Wang; Liyuan, Yang; Sainan, Zhu; Jing, Jia; Lihua, Qin; Wenpei, Bai; Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012 Aug; 142 (3): 769-75. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0378-8741 PMID: 22683907 CINAHL AN: 2011609673\nAbstract: Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. (CR), known as black cohosh, has been used in Europe as a medicinal plant for more than a century and its roots have been widely used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Remifemin, the main ingredient in liquid or tablet medications prepared from isopropyl alcohol extracts of black cohosh rhizome, has also been evaluated in clinical studies. Objectives: To observe changes in the expression of the c-Fos protein in the hypothalamic nuclei of four groups of rats—sham-operated group (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX) group, ovariectomized group treated with estrogen(OVX+E), and ovariectomized group treated with the isopropanol extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (OVX+ICR)—and to investigate the mechanisms of black cohosh and estrogen that take place in the hypothalamic nuclei of ovariectomized rats. Methods: Fifty rats were assigned to each of the four groups and placed in incubators at 4°C, 10°C, 25°C, 33°C, or 38°C for 2h. They were then anesthetized, and their brains were removed after heart perfusion. c-Fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei was evaluated using immunohistochemical methods. Results: In the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), ventromedial preoptic nucleus (VMPO), and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh) of the SHAM group, in the anterior hypothalamic area (AH) and supraoptic nucleus (SO) of all four groups, and in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the SHAM, OVX and OVX+E groups, the c-Fos-positive cell densities all changed in a similar manner: the cell density decreased when the temperature was less than 25°C and the density increased when the temperature was greater than 25°C, demonstrating a V-type curve. The c-Fos density was lowest at 25°C. The other nuclei demonstrated irregular changes. The positive cell densities in the MnPO, AH, and PVN of the SHAM, OVX+E, and OVX+ICR groups were greater than the densities measured in the OVX group at all temperatures, except 25°C. Positive cell densities in the SHAM, OVX+E, and OVX+ICR groups were greater than the densities measured in the OVX groups in the MPA at 25°C, in the VMPO at 4°C, 33°C, and 38°C, in the SO at 4°C, 10°C, and 38°C, and in the SCh at 33°C. Conclusion: Regardless of the temperature, positive cell densities were lower in the MnPO, MPA, VMPO, AH, SCh, SO, and PVN of the OVX groups in comparison with the densities measured in the same sites in the SHAM group. Following the administration of black cohosh and estrogen, the positive cell densities in the OVX groups increased and became closer to, or exceeded, those measured in the SHAM group, suggesting that both drugs may act on the hypothalamic nuclei and have therapeutic effects on menopausal symptoms.\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics; Hypothalamus Drug Effects; Oophorectomy; Estrogens Administration and Dosage; Female\nAdd to folder\n45.\nOsteoprotective effects of Cimicifuga racemosa and its triterpene-saponins are responsible for reduction of bone marrow fat.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Seidlova-Wuttke D; Stecher G; Kammann M; Haunschild J; Eder N; Stahnke V; Wessels J; Wuttke W; Phytomedicine, 2012 Jul 15; 19 (10): 855-60. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0944-7113 PMID: 22739411 CINAHL AN: 2011629113\nAbstract: PURPOSE: Elderly people often develop visceral obesity accompanied by osteoporosis. Visceral adipocytes secrete a number of adipokines and cytokines which augment the development of arteriosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Bone marrow fat cells also secrete these pro-inflammatory cytokines which stimulate osteoclast and inhibit osteoblast activity. Ovariectomized (ovx) rats also develop general and bone marrow obesity and osteoporosis both of which can be partially prevented by estradiol (E2) and the special extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) BNO 1055. Whether this extract or the thereof isolated triterpene-saponins or polar substances can also prevent bone marrow obesity and thereby the development of osteoporosis was compared with the effects of estradiol (E2). METHODS: Rats were ovx and fed with food containing either CR BNO 1055 or its triterpene-saponin or polar constituents or with E2 for 4 weeks. Histomorphometry and STRUT analyses were applied to histological preparations to determine the amount of trabecles, hematopoietic and fat tissue in the bone marrow. RESULTS: Ovx rats lost significant amounts of trabecular BMD, surface and nodes while the number of free trabecular ends and fat load in the marrow increased. This was totally prevented by E2 and partially by CR BNO 1055 and the triterpene-saponin but not by the polar fraction. High serum osteocalcin and CrossLaps levels were reduced by E2 and the S-fraction. CONCLUSIONS: It is well established that E2 prevents osteoporosis. It is also known that CR BNO 1055 does not contain estrogenic substances. CR BNO 1055 and the triterpene-saponin-fraction reduced the development of osteoporosis most likely by a reduction of the bone marrow fat load and possibly by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the triterpene-saponin-fraction may serve as a basis for a new osteoporosis preventing preparation also in human patients.\nSubjects: Adipose Tissue Metabolism; Bone and Bones Drug Effects; Bone Marrow Drug Effects; Glycosides Therapeutic Use; Hydrocarbons Therapeutic Use; Osteoporosis Drug Therapy; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Female\nAdd to folder\n46.\nCimicifuga racemosa and its triterpene-saponins prevent the Metabolic Syndrome and deterioration of cartilage in the knee joint of ovariectomized rats by similar mechanisms.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Seidlova-Wuttke D; Eder N; Stahnke V; Kammann M; Stecher G; Haunschild J; Wessels JT; Wuttke W; Phytomedicine, 2012 Jun 15; 19 (8-9): 846-53. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0944-7113 PMID: 22608295 CINAHL AN: 2011577481\nAbstract: PURPOSE: An unphysiologic accumulation of fat cells in many parts of the body including abdomen and joints results in increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which have adverse effects on serum lipids, glucose and on joint cartilage. The special extract of Cimicifuga racemosa CR BNO 1055 was shown to reduce the size of the abdominal fat depot. It was therefore tempting to test whether this extract, its saponin and its unpolar and polar fractions S- and R-fraction respectively (no quotation) also reduce fat depots and fat cell accumulation in a fat depot located in the lower hind leg (called paratibial fat depot=PFD), in joint fat pads (in the knee joint this is called Hoffa\’s fat pad) that occur in response to ovariectomy and whether this was accompanied by reduced serum lipids, glucose and improved cartilage features in the knee joint. METHODS: Rats (n=10/group) were ovariectomized (ovx) and fed with CR BNO 1055, S- or R-fraction containing food (average intake 8.2, or 2.05 or 7.07mg/day/animal) for 4 weeks. Ovx rats kept under no additive-containing food served as controls. The sizes of the PFD, of Hoffa\’s fat pad and of the cartilage thickness of the knee joints were determined by quantitative computer tomography and histomorphometrically. In the serum cholesterol, leptin and glucose levels were measured. RESULTS: High load with fat tissue in the PFD and in the knee joints was present in the ovx rats. Treatment with CR BNO 1055 and its S-fraction reduced fat load of both, Hoffa\’s fat pad and of the PFD significantly and this resulted in reduced body weight which was significant under CR BNO 1055. Fat load in the PFD correlated significantly with the height of serum leptin and cholesterol. The fat load in the knee joint correlated inversely with the size of knee cartilage tissue. CONCLUSIONS: High fat load of the body increases following ovx and this causes increased serum leptin, cholesterol and glucose levels. Following ovx the size of Hoffa\’s fat pad increases also significantly and this has adverse effects on knee cartilage tissue. Therefore, increased fat tissue in joints appears to belong to the Metabolic Syndrome. This effect can be largely prevented by CR BNO 1005 and its S- but not by its R-fraction. Hence, the saponins in CR BNO 1055 may be useful in preventing the Metabolic Syndrome and osteoarthritis.\nSubjects: Adipocytes Drug Effects; Black Cohosh; Cartilage, Articular Drug Effects; Glycosides Pharmacodynamics; Hydrocarbons Pharmacodynamics; Metabolic Syndrome X Prevention and Control; Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics; Female\nAdd to folder\n47.\nBlack cohosh: Coming full circle?\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Johnson, Teresa L.; Fahey, Jed W.; Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012 Jun; 141 (3): 775-9. (journal article – case study, review) ISSN: 0378-8741 PMID: 22504147 CINAHL AN: 2011552481\nAbstract: Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.), Ranunculaceae, thrives in temperate climates east of the Mississippi River in the USA. It is economically important to the Appalachian region where it is wild harvested, but it has resisted most efforts at deliberate cultivation. Black cohosh has been used for many centuries both in Europe and in the US (by indigenous people and subsequent Caucasian medical practitioners), most notably for indications of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menstrual pain and cramping. Aim of the study: To highlight black cohosh as an example in which disregard for the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacologic usages of a plant has perhaps hindered modern scientific attempts to understand the mechanism of action of its bioactive phytochemicals, and ascribe cause to effect. Results: Research on its mode of action has historically focused on its presumed hormonal (phytoestrogenic) activity, but very recent work suggests that it may in fact be acting as an antinociceptive agent. Re-examination of some of the writings of 19th and 20th century physicians and folk literature suggests that this mode of action may have been overlooked in modern experimentalists’ in vitro and animal studies and in the very few well conducted human trials to date. Conclusions: The common folk perception of this plant as a “remedy for female problems” may thus require revision, as it may possess more general analgesic properties. In the broader context, ethnopharmacologic indications for other herbal remedies must be revisited in light of the explosion in understanding of mechanisms of action of small molecule effectors of which actein and cimicifugoside (from black cohosh) are only two examples.\nSubjects: Black Cohosh; Plant Extracts Therapeutic Use; Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics\nAdd to folder\n48.\nFOR WOMEN ONLY.\nAcademic Journal\nTweed, Vera; Better Nutrition, 2012 May; 74 (5): 30-6. (journal article – pictorial) ISSN: 0405-668X CINAHL AN: 2011530175\nSubjects: Women\’s Health; Dietary Supplements\nAdd to folder\nHTML Full TextPDF Full Text (3.1MB)\n49.\nEvaluation of the Antiosteoporotic Potential of Cimicifuga heracleifolia in Female Mice.\nAcademic Journal\n(includes abstract) Ahn BS; Yang M; Jang H; Lee HJ; Moon C; Kim JC; Jung U; Jo SK; Jang JS; Kim SH; Phytotherapy Research, 2012 May; 26 (5): 663-8. (journal article – research) ISSN: 0951-418X PMID: 21987388 CINAHL AN: 2012265902\nAbstract: Cimicifugae rhizoma might be protective against osteoporosis. This study investigated the effects of Cimicifuga heracleifolia (CH), an Asian species of Cimicifugae rhizome, on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The C3H/HeN mice were divided into sham and OVX groups. The OVX mice were treated with vehicle, 17[beta]-estradiol (E(2) ) or CH for 6 weeks. Serum calcium, phosphorus, E(2) concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured. Tibiae and femora were analysed using microcomputed tomography. The biomechanical property and osteoclast surface level were measured. Treatment with CH (i.p., 50 mg/kg of body weight, every other day) prevented the OVX-induced increase in body weight but did not alter the uterus weight of the OVX mice. Serum ALP levels and osteoclast surface levels in the OVX mice were reduced by treatment with CH. The CH significantly preserved trabecular bone mass, bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, structure model index and bone mineral density of proximal tibia metaphysis or distal femur metaphysis. However, grip strength, mechanical property and cortical bone architecture did not differ among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the supply of CH can prevent OVX-induced bone loss in mice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\nSubjects: Bone Density Drug Effects; Bone and Bones Drug Effects; Black Cohosh; Drugs, Chinese Herbal Pharmacodynamics; Osteoporosis Drug Therapy; Plant Roots; Female\nAdd to folder\nTimes Cited in this Database: (1)\n50.\nNon-estrogen conventional and phytochemical treatments for vasomotor symptoms: what needs to be known for practice.\nAcademic Journal\nVillaseca P; Climacteric, 2012 Apr; 15 (2): 115-24. (journal article – research) ISSN: 1369-7137 PMID: 22148909 CINAHL AN: 2011492378\nSubje
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