The order Kinetoplastida includes among its members a number of important human and veterinary pathogens, such as the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. T. brucei is transmitted to humans by a bite of the Tsetse fly, and causes Sleeping Disease, an invariably lethal disease when not treated. Existing drugs for treatment are expensive, have toxic side effects, or are ineffective due to emerging drug resistance. T. brucei has a complex life cycle, which alternates between the bloodstream form found in the blood and tissue fluids of mammals, and the procyclic (insect) form in the midgut of the vector, e.g. the Tsetse fly.
During its life cycle, T. brucei undergoes a series of important metabolic and morphological changes in order to adapt to these distinct host environments. Bloodstream form T. brucei metabolises glucose to pyruvate and glycerol, and obtains all of its energy (ATP) by substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis. The mitochondrion of this life form is highly reduced (non-functional) and plays no role in ATP production. This is in contrast to the procyclic form, which mainly metabolises amino acids and has a well-developed mitochondrion where ATP is generated by a combination of substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation.
Similar to mammalian mitochondrial membranes, also the mitochondrial membranes of T. brucei form a permeability barrier to ATP/ADP and metabolic intermediates, implying the presence of specific metabolite transporters. The mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) is defined as a group of proteins that are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and mediate the transport of a wide range of metabolic intermediates. Genomics and Proteomics analysis revealed the presence of 24 different MCF genes in the T. brucei genome and their encoding proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane of this parasite.
Some of the identified 24 MCF proteins are rather unique to T. brucei, suggesting that these MCF proteins can be potentially used as novel and effective drug targets for the treatment of Sleeping Disease
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1.Introduction:
1.1Trypanosoma Brucei
Definition of the parasite.
Sub-species of the parasite
Related diseases
Up to date statistics of diseases
1.2 clinical manifestations
Symptoms of the disease and how to determine which is which.
Symptoms according to the different stage of the parasite (for ex. Haemolymphatic stage)
1.3 Life cycle of T. Brucei
Explain it with deep details including the exact mechanism of their invasion.
1.4 cell biology of T. Brucei
1.5 Treatment of trypanosomiasis
1.6 Glycosomes, mitochondria, and intermediary metabolism
1.7. Gluconeogenesis in T. brucei
1.8. Mitochondrial carrier family
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please note this is a master level so it should not include vague statments where everything thing should be well referenced from scientific academic journals and books.
I will upload some literature to help with the write up
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Added on 07.08.2016 17:21
please the biggest part of the introduction (1300 words) on (1.8. Mitochondrial carrier family)
Instruction files
anc2_de_marcos_lousa2002.pdf(174,32 KiB)
aac_cancer_chevrollier2011.pdf(443,17 KiB)
aac_hashimoto1998.pdf(401,63 KiB)
aac3_fontanesi2005.pdf(273,30 KiB)
anc2_lesaux1996.pdf(440,89 KiB)
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