How is the death penalty in the US before 1989 bias towards African Americans?

Sources found so far:
http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/issues/race
http://www.capitalpunishmentincontext.org/issues/disparitiesfdp
The Death Penalty in America: Adam Bedau, Hugo. The Death Penalty in America Current Controversies. Print. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc, 1997.
http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/part-i-history-death-penalty#reinst
http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/part-ii-history-death-penalty#inno
https://www.aclu.org/race-and-death-penalty
Richard C. Hanes. \”Scottsboro Trial\” Crime and Punishment in America Reference Library. January 23, 1936.
Capital Punishment in America: Race and the Death Penalty Over Time: Guevara Urbina, Martin. Capital Punishment in America: Race and the Death Penalty Over Time Book. LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, April 15, 2012.

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