The Arab Spring was a victory for democracy. Discuss.Some references:Brumberg, Daniel (2014) \’Theories of Transition,\’ in Marc Lynch (ed.) The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 29-54.Lust, Ellen (2014) \’Elections,\’ in Marc Lynch (ed.) The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 218-45.Lynch, Marc (2014) \’Introduction,\’ in Marc Lynch (ed.) The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 1-28.Suggested readings:O\’Donnell, Guillermo and Philippe Schmitter (1986) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 37-56.Schedler, Andreas (2013) The Politics of Uncertainty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 21-111.Additional suggested readings:Brumberg, Daniel (2002) \’The Trap of Liberalized Autocracy,\’ Journal of Democracy 13(4), pp. 56-68.Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan Way (2002) \’The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism,\’ Journal of Democracy 13(2), pp. 51-65.Posusney, Martha Pripstein (2005) \’Multi-party Elections in the Arab World: Election Rules and Opposition Responses,\’ in Martha Pripstein Posusney and Michele Penner Angrist, Authoritarianism in the Middle East.
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