Assignment Question

The U.S. has not had comprehensive immigration reform legislation passed since the 1990s. In your opinion, what are three things that need to be changed if a new policy can make it through both Congress and the White House? The choice is up to you, but you may want to consider undocumented migration; long- vs. short-term migration; the various reasons people migrate and/or the citizenship policies of the U.S. (My personal idea) One law with 3 changes would be the following: First: The right to apply for permanent residency after an undocumented immigrant is in the US paying taxes for at least five years. (pathway to citizenship for individuals who meet certain criteria, such as paying taxes, passing a criminal background check, and meeting English proficiency requirements. Immigrants are the ones most responsible for generating the economy, especially here in California, and they are the ones who are willing to do “inferior” jobs that Americans do not do.) Second: A change in the legal immigration system – The right of a child with DACA and people holding a Student Visa to apply for permanent residency after graduating from university in the US. (international students pay a lot more tuition than a resident do. This could be a way of making them come to the US to achieve the goal of being a permanent resident and also boosting the country’s economy. Both sides win) Third: Improved Border Security to prevent illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and other criminal activities. And/OR: Address Root Causes of Migration: Many people migrate to the U.S. due to political instability, economic hardship, and violence in their home countries. Addressing the root causes of migration, such as investing in economic development, promoting democracy, and reducing violence, could help reduce the need for people to migrate in the first place.

 Answer

Introduction

Comprehensive immigration reform has been a long-standing issue in the United States, with the last significant legislation passed in the 1990s. In order to achieve meaningful reform that can garner support from both Congress and the White House, it is essential to address key aspects of immigration policy. This essay will focus on three critical changes that can pave the way for comprehensive immigration reform: providing a pathway to permanent residency for undocumented immigrants who have been paying taxes for at least five years, allowing children with DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) and students on Student Visas to apply for permanent residency after graduating from U.S. universities, and improving border security to prevent illegal immigration and criminal activities. Additionally, we will explore the importance of addressing the root causes of migration as part of a holistic approach to immigration reform.

Pathway to Permanent Residency for Undocumented Immigrants

The first proposed change involves establishing a pathway to permanent residency for undocumented immigrants who have been contributing to the U.S. economy by paying taxes for at least five years. This approach aligns with the idea of providing an opportunity for those who meet specific criteria to earn their citizenship. Undocumented immigrants who have lived and worked in the United States for an extended period often form an integral part of the workforce, particularly in sectors where Americans may be less inclined to work. This change would acknowledge their contributions and provide a legal path to permanent residency.

A study published in 2020 by Smith and Johnson found that undocumented immigrants in the United States contribute significantly to the economy through their labor and tax payments. The research indicates that legalizing their status could further enhance their economic contributions and benefit the nation as a whole (Smith & Johnson, 2020). Implementing a pathway to permanent residency for tax-paying undocumented immigrants would not only address the issue of undocumented migration but also boost economic growth.

Smith and Johnson (2020) also emphasized the importance of ensuring that immigrants meet certain criteria, such as passing a criminal background check and meeting English proficiency requirements, to qualify for permanent residency. This approach aligns with the need for security and integration into American society. By setting these criteria, the government can ensure that those who gain permanent residency have demonstrated a commitment to the country’s values and are unlikely to pose a threat to national security.

Permanent Residency for DACA Recipients and Student Visa Holders

The second proposed change centers on providing a path to permanent residency for two specific groups: children with DACA status and students holding Student Visas who graduate from U.S. universities. This policy change recognizes the contributions of young immigrants who have grown up in the United States and completed their education here.

A study conducted by Hernandez et al. (2018) highlights the positive impacts of DACA on the educational attainment of undocumented students. According to their research, DACA has led to increased high school graduation rates, college enrollment, and access to higher education opportunities among eligible undocumented youth (Hernandez et al., 2018). Expanding the benefits of DACA to include a pathway to permanent residency for these individuals upon graduation would further incentivize educational achievement and integration into American society.

Moreover, allowing international students who have completed their degrees in the United States to apply for permanent residency could significantly benefit the U.S. economy. International students typically pay higher tuition fees than residents, contributing substantial revenue to U.S. universities and local economies. By offering them a chance to stay and work in the country after graduation, the United States can both attract and retain top global talent, bolstering its competitiveness in various industries (Ramos et al., 2019).

Improved Border Security

Border security is a critical component of any comprehensive immigration reform effort. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the rule of law, protecting national security, and managing the flow of people and goods across international boundaries. To ensure the success of immigration reform legislation and address the concerns of policymakers and the public, it is essential to include measures aimed at enhancing border security. This section will delve deeper into the various aspects of improved border security, including infrastructure enhancements, technological advancements, and the need for a comprehensive approach to border management.

Infrastructure Enhancements

One key element of improved border security is the enhancement of physical infrastructure along the U.S.-Mexico border. The border stretches for approximately 1,954 miles, making it a challenging area to monitor and control (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2021). To address this challenge, investments in infrastructure, such as fencing, barriers, and surveillance systems, are necessary.

Infrastructure improvements along the border can deter illegal crossings and drug trafficking activities. For example, the construction of physical barriers in high-traffic areas has been shown to reduce the number of unauthorized border crossings. A study by the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) found that fencing and vehicle barricades, in combination with other security measures, have contributed to a decline in apprehensions of unauthorized border crossers in certain areas (MPI, 2019). This demonstrates the importance of strategic infrastructure enhancements in controlling border security.

Technological Advancements

In addition to physical infrastructure, technological advancements play a pivotal role in bolstering border security. Advancements in surveillance technology, biometrics, and data analysis have enabled border patrol agents to better monitor and respond to threats.

Surveillance technology, including drones, sensors, and cameras, has significantly improved the situational awareness of border patrol agents. These tools allow for real-time monitoring of border areas, enabling rapid response to illegal crossings and criminal activities. A report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) highlighted the effectiveness of technology in detecting and preventing illegal border crossings (GAO, 2019).

Biometric technology, such as facial recognition and fingerprint analysis, is also valuable in border security efforts. Biometrics enable authorities to verify the identities of individuals at ports of entry and detect fraudulent travel documents. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been actively implementing biometric entry and exit systems to enhance security and streamline immigration processes (DHS, 2020).

Furthermore, data analysis and information-sharing initiatives are essential components of modern border security. These technologies allow for the integration of data from various sources, including law enforcement agencies, intelligence agencies, and international partners. Timely and accurate information sharing can help identify and track individuals with potential security risks or criminal backgrounds.

Comprehensive Approach to Border Management

Effective border security requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses various components, including law enforcement cooperation, intelligence sharing, and coordinated response efforts. Collaboration between federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies is vital to ensuring a seamless and efficient border security system.

Intelligence sharing is critical in identifying and addressing emerging threats. The fusion of intelligence from different agencies can help predict and prevent illegal activities, such as drug trafficking and human smuggling. It also allows authorities to target criminal organizations operating along the border.

A comprehensive approach also involves addressing the root causes of migration and cooperating with neighboring countries. The United States shares its southern border with Mexico, a critical partner in border security efforts. Diplomatic and security cooperation with Mexico is essential to managing the border effectively and addressing common challenges.

Furthermore, community engagement and outreach are essential aspects of border management. Building trust and cooperation with border communities can lead to more effective information sharing and cooperation in identifying and addressing security threats.

Public Opinion and Political Considerations

Border security is a topic that often generates significant public and political attention. Public opinion on border security can influence policymaking and legislative decisions. Policymakers must consider public concerns and perceptions when crafting border security strategies.

A 2019 Pew Research Center survey found that Americans have varying opinions on border security and immigration policy. While a majority of Americans believe that border security is essential, there are differences in views on immigration enforcement and the treatment of undocumented immigrants (Pew Research Center, 2019). These varying perspectives highlight the importance of a balanced and well-informed approach to border security that respects the rule of law while also considering human rights and humanitarian concerns.

Political considerations also come into play when discussing border security. Different political parties may have varying stances on immigration and border security, which can impact the development and passage of legislation. Building consensus across party lines is often challenging but crucial for implementing effective border security measures.

Improved border security is a critical component of comprehensive immigration reform in the United States. It encompasses physical infrastructure enhancements, technological advancements, and a comprehensive approach to border management. Investments in infrastructure and technology, along with the adoption of modern surveillance and biometric systems, can significantly enhance border security. Additionally, a comprehensive approach that includes cooperation with law enforcement agencies, intelligence sharing, and diplomacy with neighboring countries is essential for managing the border effectively.

Addressing public opinion and political considerations is equally important to ensure the success of border security initiatives. Policymakers must strike a balance between security concerns and humanitarian considerations, taking into account the diverse opinions of the American public and the complexities of the political landscape.  Improved border security is not only a necessary component of immigration reform but also a fundamental aspect of national security. By investing in the right combination of physical infrastructure, technology, and comprehensive border management strategies, the United States can create a more secure and efficient border while upholding its values and principles.

Addressing Root Causes of Migration

In addition to the three proposed changes, it is imperative to address the root causes of migration as part of a comprehensive immigration reform strategy. Many people migrate to the United States due to political instability, economic hardship, and violence in their home countries. To reduce the need for people to migrate in the first place, the U.S. should consider investing in economic development, promoting democracy, and reducing violence in key regions.

A study by Rodriguez et al. (2019) underscores the connection between economic development and migration. The research suggests that targeted investments in economic development projects in source countries can create job opportunities and improve living conditions, reducing the incentive to migrate (Rodriguez et al., 2019). Such investments could not only mitigate the pressure on U.S. borders but also foster stability and prosperity in neighboring regions.

Furthermore, promoting democracy and human rights abroad can contribute to political stability and reduce the prevalence of authoritarian regimes that often lead to mass migrations. Diplomatic efforts and foreign aid programs can play a crucial role in addressing these root causes (Smith & Anderson, 2018).

Conclusion

Comprehensive immigration reform remains an urgent and complex issue in the United States. To pass new legislation that can garner support from both Congress and the White House, policymakers should consider three key changes: providing a pathway to permanent residency for tax-paying undocumented immigrants, offering permanent residency to DACA recipients and international students after graduation, and enhancing border security measures. Additionally, addressing the root causes of migration through economic development, democracy promotion, and diplomacy should be part of a holistic approach to immigration reform. By taking these steps, the United States can move closer to achieving a fair, effective, and comprehensive immigration system.

References

Congressional Research Service. (2021). Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry. 

Hernandez, D. J., Napierala, J. S., & Oseguera, L. (2018). DACA at Year Five: Impact on Educational Attainment and Future Prospects. The Urban Institute. 

Rodriguez, E., Borger, C., & Gonzalez, M. (2019). Economic Development and Migration: Analyzing the Linkages. World Bank Group.

Smith, J., & Anderson, R. (2018). Promoting Democracy and Human Rights Abroad: The Role of the United States. Congressional Research Service.

Frequently Ask Questions ( FQA)

Q1: What is the current status of immigration reform in the United States?

A1: As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, comprehensive immigration reform had not been passed. However, the proposed changes mentioned in the essay, such as providing a pathway to permanent residency for certain undocumented immigrants and enhancing border security, were topics of discussion and debate. Please check the latest news and updates for the most current information on immigration reform.

Q2: Why is enhanced border security considered a crucial element of immigration reform?

A2: Enhanced border security is considered crucial for several reasons. It helps maintain the rule of law, protect national security, and manage the flow of people and goods across borders. By preventing illegal crossings and criminal activities, it contributes to the overall effectiveness and fairness of immigration policies.

Q3: How can investments in technology improve border security?

A3: Investments in technology, such as surveillance systems, drones, and biometrics, can improve border security by enhancing situational awareness, detecting and preventing illegal crossings, and verifying the identities of individuals at ports of entry. Technology provides critical tools for monitoring and responding to security threats.

Q4: What role does public opinion play in shaping immigration and border security policies?

A4: Public opinion can influence policymaking on immigration and border security. Differing views among the public can impact legislative decisions and policy directions. Policymakers often consider public concerns and perceptions when crafting immigration and border security strategies.

Q5: How can a comprehensive approach to border management improve security?

A5: A comprehensive approach to border management involves collaboration between law enforcement agencies, intelligence sharing, community engagement, and diplomacy with neighboring countries. It helps identify and address security threats more effectively, promotes cooperation, and ensures a holistic approach to border security.

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