Qualitative data which been used the interviews and divid it in 6 sections or stages:
1- introduction
2- Research approach stages
3- data collection ( the interviews have been conducted with the participants from Police and participants from private security companies)
4- Validity and Reliability
5- data analysis and (have to be use the NVivo 10 to analyse the data)
6- results and findings
considering below:Appropriate use of the literature should be included
gaining understanding of state-of-the-art in the field
Research methodology should be applied
in ways by which a dissertation/thesis can be developed
The research results should be adequately and precisely presented
on the basis of theoretical, methodological, and/or technological
Analysis (critically) of the results should be justified
evaluation and validation
Purposes
To know the state-of-the-art in the field
To highlight research possibilities either explicitly identified or overlooked
To refine your research questions and objectives
Avoid repeating the work of others
To identify research methods and strategies useful to your own research
Incorporate your own critical views
Beware: a literature review is not
A report listing all papers you’ve read – be selective
Not dedicate a page or a paragraph to each article in turn, merely reporting on the content
Collect selected papers into a bibliographic management system and asses their quality
Quality of the source
Rigorousness of the study
Appropriate data analysis method clearly described
Appropriate interpretation of data
Generalisability, repeatability, etc.
Synthesise the results, e.g., by coding
very important ( Element of research paradigms:Ontology – study of ‘being’ or existence
What do we believe exists?
The fundamental beliefs that someone holds about the nature of the world and relationships between ‘things’ that constitute it
Epistemology – study of nature and origin of knowledge
What proof will we accept about what constitutes reliable and valid knowledge?
What do we accept as knowledge – based on trust, through faith, through empirical observation, through interpretation, personal experience, etc.?
Methodology – underlying principles and rules of organisation of inquiry procedure
How we can go about the task of producing reliable and valid knowledge?
How we go about the systematic construction of knowledge or systematic approach to address research questions
Methods – orderly or systematic arrangement in doing something
How we actually collect data?
The basic approach of data collection (surveys, interviews, experiments, participant observation, etc.)
Often ‘bundled’ as ‘methods and techniques’
Positivism
historically rooted
“scientific method” for natural and social science
based on positive facts and observable phenomena
fundamental assumptions:
a member observes all properties of its class
constancy over time
determinism
Interpretivism
assuming access to reality (given or socially constructed) through social construction, such as language, consciousness and shared meanings
concerned with the description and classification of phenomena
uniqueness of phenomenon
context (where involves events, conditions, and actions)
inter-subjectivity
Critical Theory
assuming social reality is historically constructed, produced and reproduced by people
role of social, cultural and political domination – limits of people to change their socio-economic circumstances
focus on oppositions, conflicts and conditions
social critique
emancipation to eliminate the causes of alienation and domination
Research must be systematic or methodological
Research approach / strategy
What – case study, survey, experiment, systems development, etc.
Why – justification of the selection of the approach
Data collection
How – questionnaires, interviews, observation, etc.
Sampling methods
Why – justification of the data collection methods
Methods of data analysis
How – statistical, text analysis, etc.
Limitations and potential problems
. Methodology
Conceptual framework for the research, including concepts used
The research design, choice and justification
Data collection method, choice and justification
Sampling strategy, discussion on rationale
Types of data collected
Ways of analysis of the data
Computer package used
Ways used to present the data
Precise and concise
As a report differs to a dissertation or an essay
But include sufficient details, e.g. key terms and concepts
Enumerate points wherever possible
In the literature review, keep to those relevant to research problems
In the methodology, explain the selected approach, with simple justification
Critical data analysis and explicitly integrate the findings
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